Heavier atoms have more protons and electrons. The protons and electrons are attracted to eachother, so more protons and neutrons means more attraction within an atom. This will make the atom more closely packed together, making the radii smaller.
If an atom is larger, it means there are more electrons in the way of the proton. This decreases the positive attraction, making it harder to attract electrons and decreasing electronegativity.
It is harder to take electrons from non metals as opposed to metals because non metals want to gain electrons, as metals want to lose them.
Nuclear charge is the positive charge an electron has in an atom.
Its called the Periodic Table because there are trends that occur periodically.
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